Technology Investment: Business, Office, Blue Tooth Wireless
Technology investment facilitates innovation, progress and modernization. So, Government should promote investment in technology. Lack of investment derails growth in industrial sectors. Business community should adopt advanced technologies. Companies will not be able to face competition with outdated technologies. Students should also be taught about the benefits of advanced technologies. Training courses on office and business technologies assist students in learning about new technologies. Wireless technology is a good example of advanced technology. Wireless technologies provide various applications to users.
Technology Investment
Technology investment should support the long-term policies of a company. The company should also possess sufficient financial resources needed for investment. The organization’s needs should also be considered before making an investment. Sound planning is essential to obtain an adequate return on investment. Inadequate planning could lead to financial loss. Effective investment in technology improves the performance of an organization. It promotes advancement and economic productivity. Investment in technology could create job opportunities for many people.
The return on technology investment is determined by:
- Companies’ policies
- Government policies
- Operational efficiencies
- Level of customer satisfaction
Governments should play a pro-active role in technology investment. Governments should announce incentives for private sector to invest in key areas. Government support is essential in the key area of research and development.(R&D)
New Technology (Advanced Technology)
New technology enables high economic growth and a better standard of living. It promotes innovation. Many old technologies are redundant. Old technologies derail industrial growth. Advanced technology facilitates competitive effectiveness. It has a great impact on:
- Skill requirements
- Work organization
- Economic growth
- Society
New technologies should not only benefit the higher sections of the society. It should also benefit the lesser-skilled workers. The disadvantaged workers should be trained in new technologies. Training enables them to gain an expertise in new technology. Advanced technologies have made a revolution in various fields. The various fields are:
- Government
- Economy
- Medicine
- Organization
- Photography
- Tourism
- Music
- Road safety
- Military
- Journalism
- irrigation
New technology has made an impact on bio-medicine. Bio-medicine is considered to be the fastest growing industrial sector. Advanced technologies have helped in formulating new processes in diagnosis and monitoring. New technology has also paved way for progress in therapy and rehabilitation.
Wireless Technology
Wireless technology facilitates efficient delivery of data. It also provides video, voice and multi-media applications to customers. The following are the advantages of wireless technologies:
- Flexibility
- Productivity
- Affordability
- Increased reliability
- Easy to use
- Speed
Critics have serious reservations over the security of cordless technology. Intruders may violate privacy and get access to sensitive information. But, a strong encryption could protect sensitive information. Organizations may make use of risk management process. It helps in assessing and reducing the risks involved. Users should test their wireless network on a periodic basis. Users should perform security audits to protect sensitive information.
Blue Tooth Wireless Technology
Blue tooth wireless technology facilitates communication over a short distance. This network enables users to connect to devices such as mobile phones, computers and cameras. Blue tooth wireless technology does not require a cable connection. It works with radio waves. Blue tooth enables users to connect and disconnect other blue tooth devices. Users are also able to launch certain applications automatically when they are connected to the blue tooth device. This network helps users to synchronize calendars, address books and receive e-mails. Users may also pay bills through blue tooth cash register.
Education Instructional Technology
Education Instructional technology enhances the traditional teaching methods. It should be used to promote course objectives. It provides knowledge about the operations of computer hardware, software and peripherals. It also helps students in conducting research.
The benefits of Education Instructional technologies are:
- Motivates students
- Provides exposure to different learning styles
- Enhances learning
- Provides a wide variety of information
- Provides different learning channels like auditory and visual
- Easy to update and customize graphics
But, Education instructional technology has a two major draw backs. They are:
- Time consuming
- Expensive
So, users have to evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of Education instructional technology. Users have to make sure that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks. They should ensure that instructional technologies help them in achieving their objectives.
Business Technology
Business technology enables businessmen to learn new techniques. It provides expertise and flexibility. Business technologies assist organizations in formulating new strategies and goals. It also helps entrepreneurs to alter existing goals to match the objectives. This technology helps businessmen to review their strengths and weaknesses. Schools may also provide a course in business technology. This course helps students in obtaining entry-level positions in firms. The business technology course offers the following five areas of specialization:
- Accounting clerk
- Administrative assistant
- Personal banker
- Medical office assistant
- Attorney’s assistant
Office Technology
Office technology courses guide students in their management careers. This technology courses enable students to gain knowledge in:
- Spread sheets
- Word processing
- Data-base management
- Desk top publishing
- Computer graphics
An office technology course helps students to get an idea on the office environment. Students also get to know about the keyboarding principles used in office.
The following are the benefits of office technology:
- Get an idea on formatting techniques
- Gain proficiency in keyboard skills
- Develop decision making skills
- Obtain skills in processing software
- Develop interviewing skills
Ten Ways to Kill Good Design
It’s a given that we at Cooper—and most of you reading this article—believe design is the right tool for translating market needs into tangible product specifications. The people who hire us to design their products or who attend our Cooper U courses think the same thing. Unfortunately, the best designs and the best intentions won’t always lead you to success, because the problem goes beyond your product and beyond your design or development process. Building better, more innovative, and more profitable products requires organizational change on a deep and difficult level.
When design pilot projects fail, it endangers everyone’s willingness to adopt design methods. Over the course of doing hundreds of design projects and teaching our methods to more than a thousand people, we’ve seen that several reasons for failure keep showing up. A discussion of these reasons follows, along with some solutions to consider. Let’s start with the easiest ones and work our way up.
1. Poor choice of pilot project
When you first bring design into an organization, you generally have to convince others of its efficacy. The best way to do this is usually to pick a pilot project and demonstrate how design helped it succeed. However, if you pick the wrong project and can’t demonstrate success, you will certainly lose credibility and may also lose any further chance of persuading people.
Choose a relatively small project with a clearly measurable outcome. For example, if a particular part of your application causes 30% of your tech support calls, fix that part and track the decrease in calls. It’s also a good idea to choose a type and size of project your company has done several times before, so you can show the savings in development time and cost. Also, avoid ill-conceived projects—if it’s a product or function no one will ever use, there’s only so much design can do to help.
2. Not having one consistent project owner
Every design project needs a business decision-maker associated with it—someone who can make trade-off choices between desirable design directions and difficult implementation issues, and will shepherd the product from concept to completion. In many cases, this is a product manager. Companies that try to do this by committee, with no single person responsible for the project’s outcome, seldom succeed. Everyone thinks everyone else is responsible, so the process proceeds very slowly, if at all. Changing project ownership partway through the process is also an enormous risk, particularly if the new project owner has not been involved until now; you will need to revisit every project decision, and may end up throwing out quite a few and starting over. This will lead to a perceived project failure, and will devalue the design process in everyone’s eyes.
So, senior managers, choose a single project owner and be sure that person is someone you’re not planning to reassign in a couple of months.
3. Incomplete design or insufficient design communication
The best design in the world won’t get built if it’s incomplete or undocumented. When clients ask us to design to the framework level (major navigation and interactions) but not provide the detail, they are much less likely to succeed than our clients who ask for bitmaps and widgets. This is generally because the people who have to fill in the rest are not interaction designers, and don’t have the appropriate skills and context to fill things in. Likewise, your documentation must be very complete, because if anything is open to interpretation, trust me, it will be interpreted. It might seem obvious to a designer that my bank’s ATM shouldn’t offer me the ability to withdraw from a money market account if I don’t have one, but it apparently wasn’t obvious to the people who built the ATM software.
This kind of problem is relatively easy to fix; be sure to assign designers for the duration of the project, and make sure there’s someone on the team responsible for providing detailed documentation.
4. Not getting buy-in from top executives
Every time we interview stakeholders on a project, we ask whether there are any executives higher up the chain of command who need to approve the project’s direction. One of our worst nightmares is being told that no one else will influence the project, then having an executive we’ve never met suddenly object to our direction. On one of our projects a few years ago, we were told that a senior executive didn’t need to be part of the process. Sure enough, two days before the end of a multi-month project, he didn’t like the design because he hadn’t gone down the path with us. Several months of formal usability testing finally convinced him, but the opportunity cost to our client was tremendous.
Interviewing top executives at the start and involving them at each decision point will help you avoid this.
5. The wrong people doing design
If you wanted to persuade people that martial arts were an effective means of self-defense, would you hire me, or Jackie Chan? (Believe me, you’d want Jackie Chan.) Design won’t take root in your company unless people see it done by experts. The vast majority of companies I’ve seen try to bring design in-house by telling some programmers that they’re now designers, or by having the product manager do some design in his spare time.
Although the need for designers varies during the project life cycle, design is a full-time job as well as a profession that requires many years of practice. Good interaction designers are hard to find, but they do exist—hire them!
6. Not committing resources to design
Even with the right pilot project and the right people doing the design work, if the management team doesn’t provide support in other ways, it’s much harder to succeed. We often see companies that won’t give designers access to users, or that won’t allow enough time to understand the problem, solve it to the level of detail required, and document it in a reasonable way. Unfortunately, until they’ve seen its value demonstrated, many people view design as a cost, rather than a savings (and more importantly, a strategic advantage).
Think about mini-projects you can use to demonstrate value, even with little or no budget. Use those small successes to ask for resources on a modest pilot project with an obvious opportunity for gain.
7. Failure to separate innovation from renovation
If you have one product manager and one development team, it makes sense for them to be responsible for the visionary new release 3.0 as well as the 2.x maintenance releases, right? Wrong. When that version 2.x deadline looms, no one has time or attention to spare for what the next major release should be, so the future product always gets shortchanged.
Instead, carve off a small team to focus solely on designing 3.0 in parallel with the implementation of maintenance releases. This might mean you throw away a little more of that 2.x code when you build 3.0, but it will save calendar time and increase what you can accomplish for the big upgrade.
8. The inmates are running the asylum
You knew this had to be in the list somewhere, right? It’s here toward the end of the list because it’s a big problem that takes a long time to solve. When we say the inmates are running the asylum, it means the programmers are making business decisions that should be made by executives. In most cases it’s not intentional, and the majority of people are unaware of the extent to which it happens. However, every time a programmer says “That’s not technically feasible,” he’s just made a business decision that’s invisible to most people, since “not technically feasible” really means “not in the tiny amount of time or with the constraints I know you’re going to give me.”
It’s a designer’s job to mediate this conversation. Changing the process on paper is relatively easy, but changing the attitudes and behaviors behind the process takes more time and effort. One way to help things along is to make sure that design doesn’t report in to engineering, but instead reports to a cross-silo manager who can balance marketing and engineering perspectives. Ultimately, responsibility for fixing this problem lies with senior managers, who have to ask, “What would it take to make it technically feasible?”
9. Unrealistic expectations
I can’t even count how many times someone has called me up to say “We need to design or drastically redesign the product that generates 100% of our revenue, and we want to ship it in two months.” For some reason, Fast Company or some other part of the Web boom hype created this perception that you can design, build, and launch a successful product faster than you can get a new driver’s license. While this may have been true for a couple of people who got lucky, it’s simply not true in most cases.
We seldom encounter this myth in companies that build physical products, because they’re much better acquainted with the reality that spending up-front time ultimately results in more efficient manufacturing and more profitable products.
Unfortunately, many companies assume their problems come with the territory, just like traffic noise comes with living in a big city. Have you ever noticed, though, how much more annoying the traffic noise is when someone points out that it’s there? You can do the same thing: bring the points of pain to the attention of the management team, identify the cause, and propose design as your solution. It may take a while to have an impact, but be persistent, tie the problems to dollars, and you’ll eventually get through.
10. Unhealthy corporate culture
For design to work in an organization, that organization has to be basically functional. By this, I mean there needs to be open communication at all levels of the organization, clear delineation of responsibility and authority, competent staff, and trust between managers and their teams. Some degree of risk-taking must be acceptable; otherwise, no one will be willing to stand up and say, “I believe we need to do this.” In healthy companies, certain kinds of mistakes are OK, as long as people learn from them. Senior managers challenge their teams to do better, but never ask the impossible, and they give their teams clearly stated problems to solve, instead of specifying solutions.
If your company lacks these qualities, work on fixing these major issues first before you try to implement design. Again, you’ll succeed in getting management’s attention if you tie these problems to dollars: talk in terms of lost productivity, employee turnover, and project delays. A good human resources manager will be your ally in this.
One step at a time
When you’re trying to bring design into an organization, it’s important to realize that you’re not just changing a process—you’re attempting to change the company’s culture and dearly held beliefs. It’s entirely possible to change any company, but it will take a clear goal for where you want to be, a plan for getting there, executive sponsorship, and excellent communication about the benefits of change. Change on this scale isn’t easy, but isn’t that true of just about everything that’s worth doing? Find allies within your organization, look to designers outside your organization for moral support, and don’t forget to celebrate your successes, because you will have some. Every time I get discouraged about the state of the industry, I remind myself that five years ago, no one know what interaction design was except those of us who did it. Today, marketers, developers, and executives call me up asking for interaction design. We must be doing something right, after all.
Home Networking – Wireless or Wired
There are several methods for networking your home or small office computers. The simplest and most cost effective home networks technologies we will look at today are Wired and Wireless networks and the Pro’s and Con’s of each.
Wired Networks
Wired networks are seen as the most stable and reliable form of networking by people as this technology has been around for a long time.
Wired networks are great to use when you have the space and ability to run network cables through your house. In return for this effort you get a secure and reliable network with good data transfer speeds. This means that you will be able to send information from one computer to another one quickly.
A wired network is seen as more secure as any malicious users will only be able to get into your systems through your external internet connection or by connecting a wire directly to your router, switch or hub. Even then this problem can be contained through the use of firewalls, sophisticated routers or in the later case by not letting strangers into your house who are trying to run a network cable to their machine.
A wired network is seen as more reliable as the signal is sent over wires and not broadcast over a relatively uncontrollable area. Your network speeds and quality are not affected by weather conditions, thickness of walls etc.
With a wired network you can expect speeds from between 10Mbps with older technology up to 1000Mbps with newer hardware. This allows for excellent data transfer speeds between machines allowing for fast sharing of data and files over your network.
The price for wired home networking hardware is extremely cheap as the technology has been around for a long time and there is a lot of competition from manufacturers keeping the prices down. You can get a basic router or network hub from £10 – £40 pounds that will allow you to share your internet connection and files across multiple machines. A basic network card should cost between £5-10 with the faster 1000Mbps cards costing from £5-£15 each.
Replacing faulty wiring can be tricky and expensive if you have hidden it away behind your walls. Another bad aspect of having wires is that each machine must have a wire running from it to the router or hub. This may be ok when you can have the wires hidden away in the bedroom or the office but what if you want to use your laptop in the middle of your kitchen or living room. Do you really want wires running across the floor causing potential trip hazards amongst other things?
Wireless
Wireless networking offers many great advantages. The biggest advantage is portability. You can take your wireless laptop from your living room to your kitchen to your bedroom and still have access to all of your files and internet. This is great for using recipies from the internet right down to doing a little work in front of the TV.
Another advantage of going wireless is that you do not have to hide lots of wires going between your machines and router. This makes everything look tidier and more clutter free whilst also removing potential trip hazards from lots of loose cabling.
A wireless connection can be affected by many outside factors that you must take into consideration. A wireless signal can be seriously affected by the thickness of your walls, floors and also how many other wireless connections are in your area. With thick floors and walls your signals can become distorted or even wiped out causing problems transmitting and receiving information.
There are solutions on the market to increase the power of your wireless transmitters and receivers which would increase connectivity issues in the event that they occur.
Security is not a problem as such for wireless as long as you properly secure your network. The simplest form of protection is to use something called a WEP key. A WEP key is used on both the computer and wireless router and acts as a code between the two machines to keep data encrypted. If someone does not have the key they should not be able to access your network. There are further options available depending on your chosen wireless router to increase the level of security.
By not securing your wireless network you are essentially leaving the front door of your network and internet connection open to anyone who wishes to connect using their own wireless equipped computers.
Final Thoughts
As you can see, both technologies serve the same purpose but with different pro’s and con’s. If you are looking for an easy clutter free solution with increase mobility then I would recommend attempting a wireless network setup as long as you ensure that you set at least WEP encryption to protect your computers and internet connection from unauthorised access.
If you are looking for a slightly more secure and reliable connection then go with a wired setup. A wired setup should bring you faster networking speeds with the disadvantage of having to have wires running between devices.